Screening of differentially expressed genes for colorectal cancer and prediction of potential traditional Chinese medicine: based on bioinformatics / 中国中药杂志

This study screened and analyzed the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) between colorectal cancer(CRC) tissues and normal tissues with bioinformatics techniques to predict biomarkers and Chinese medicinals for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. The microarray data sets GSE21815, GSE106582, and GSE41657 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO), and the DEGs were screened by GEO2 R, followed by the Gene Ontology(GO) tern enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the DEGs based on DAVID. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING, and MCODE and Cytohubba plug-ins were used to screen the significant modules and hub genes in the network. UCSC, cBioPortal, and Oncomine were employed for hierarchical clustering, survival analysis, Oncomine analysis, and correlation analysis of clinical data. Coremine Medical was applied to predict the Chinese medicinals acting on hub genes. A total of 284 DEGs were screened out, with 146 up-regulated and 138 down-regulated. The up-regulated genes were mainly involved in cell cycle, NLRs pathway, and TNF signaling pathway, and the down-regulated genes were related to mineral absorption, nitrogen metabolism, and bicarbonate reabsorption in proximal tubules. The 15 hub genes were CDK1, CDC20, AURKA, MELK, TOP2 A, PTTG1, BUB1, CDCA5, CDC45, TPX2, NEK2, CEP55, CENPN, TRIP13, and GINS2, among which CDK1 and CDC20 were regarded as core genes. The high expression of CDK1 and CDC20 suggested poor prognosis, and they significantly expressed in many cancers, especially breast cancer, lung cancer, and CRC. The expression of CDK1 and CDC20 was correlated with gender, tumor type, TNM stage, and KRAS gene mutation. The potential effective medicinals against CRC were Scutellariae Radix, Scutellariae Barbatae Herba, Arnebiae Radix, etc. The significant expression of CDK1 and CDC20 can help distinguish tumor tissues from normal tissues, and is related to survival prognosis. Thus, the two can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. This study provides a reference for related drug development.

An Exploration on Mechanisms of Treating Different Diseases with Same Method of Qinggan Huayu Granules in Treating NAFLD and Liver Cancer Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To reveal the effective components， targets and possible mechanisms of Qinggan Huayu granules in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and liver cancer based on network pharmacology and experimental verification， and to provide a basis for its rational interpretation of treating different diseases with same method for NAFLD and liver cancer. Method:Based on databases of traditional Chinese medicine and disease， the network pharmacology was used to screen main active compounds and potential targets of Qinggan Huayu granules for NAFLD and liver cancer. STRING 11.0 was used to analyze the interaction between potential targets. The core targets were selected from the interaction targets by cytoHubba plug-in. The gene ontology （GO） function and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the target by Metascape database. At the same time， <italic>in vitro</italic> experiments were conducted to validate the effect of kaempferol， one of the main active ingredients of Qinggan Huayu granules， on hepatocellular carcinoma cell model and NAFLD cell model. Result:A total of 43 potential targets of Qinggan Huayu granules for for NAFLD and liver cancer were screened， corresponding to 136 active ingredients in 8 herbal medicines. Through enrichment analysis of potential targets， there were 20 biological processes， 13 molecular functions， 9 cellular components and 15 signaling pathways. Qinggan Huayu granules regulated biological behaviors of tumors related to liver cancer and NAFLD （such as apoptosis inhibition and oxidative stress） mainly through kaempferol， quercetin， luteolin and other active ingredients for Caspase-3 （CASP3）， tumor protein p53 （TP53）， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA） and other hub genes. <italic>In vitro</italic> experiments revealed that kaempferol could inhibit cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in hepatocellular carcinoma cell model. And kaempferol could modulate the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA） and glutathione peroxidase （GPx）， which were the molecular markers of oxidative stress of NAFLD cell model. Kaempfero also regulated the expression level of CASP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell model and NAFLD cell model. Conclusion:The main mechanism of Qinggan Huayu granules in treating liver cancer and NAFLD with concept of treating different diseases with same method is related to systematic synergy effect of multiple compounds （represented by quercetin， luteolin and kaempferol）， multiple targets （represented by VEGFA， TP53 and CASP3） and multiple signaling pathways （represented by oxidative stress and cell apoptosis）.

Oral oxymatrine preparation for chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral oxymatrine preparation for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on oral oxymatrine preparation in treating patients with CHB were retrieved until October 2013 by searching PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and four Chinese databases, irrespective of language and publication status. Data extraction and data analyses were conducted according to the Cochrane standards. The risk of bias for each included trials and the quality of evidence on pre-specified outcomes were assessed. The RevMan software was used for statistical analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Totally 52 RCTs enrolling 5,227 participants were included, of which 51 RCTs were included in meta-analyses. Oral oxymatrine preparation including oxymatrine capsule and oxymatrine tablet were associated with statistically significant effect on the clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, HBV surface antigen and HBV e antigen, and were beneficial to the normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Nevertheless, the overall methodological quality and the quality of evidence in the included trials were poor. In addition, safety of oral oxymatrine preparation was not confirmed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Oral oxymatrine preparation showed some potential benefits for patients with CHB. However, the overall quality of evidence was limited and the safety of oral oxymatrine preparation for CHB patients was still unproven. More high quality evidence from rigorously designed RCTs is warranted to support the clinical use of oral oxymatrine preparation for patients with CHB.</p>

Effect of baicalin on liver fatty acid binding protein in oxidative stress model in vitro / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of baicalin on liver fatty acid binding protein in oxidative stress model in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>(1) Cellular oxidative stress in vitro was induced by incubating cells with 400μmol/L hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) for 20 minutes at 37 degrees C in the dark. After Chang liver cell line was treated with different dose of baicalin for 24, 48 and 72 hours. MTT assay was employed to detect cell viability, and then the hydrogen peroxide (TC50) of the different dose of baicalin was calculated. (2) Based on MTT assay, cells were treated with three different doses of baicalin (25, 50, 100 μmol/L) for 24 and 48 hours before being exposed to 400 μmol/L H₂O₂ for 20 minutes at 37 degrees C. Then, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay and activity assays of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) were evaluated. (3) Realtime PCR and Western blotting were applied to explore the influence of baicalin on the expression level of L-FABP. (4) One-way ANOVA was used for results statistical analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>(1) MTT assay showed baicalin treatment at 25, 50, 100 μmol/L for 24 and 48 hours was feasible (83.60% ± 3.47%, 72.36% ± 2.18%, 70.16% ± 2.04% for 24 hours; 84.93% ± 3.11%, 76.16% ± 2.45%, 72.72% ± 2.31% for 48 hours, P > 0.05, F = 386.24, 475.92 respectively). Meanwhile, we found by the linear regression model that the median toxic concentration of baicalin for 48 hours was 170.6 μmol/L, and the median toxic concentration of baicalin for 24 hours was 153.2 μmol/L. (2) ROS assay showed dichlorofluorescin in all baicalin-treated cells after stress was significantly reduced (37.0 ± 3.30, 22.90 ± 3.84, 29.60 ± 2.52 for 24 hours respectively, P < 0.05, F = 70.06; 35.77 ± 2.35, 21.80 ± 3.10, 23.87 ± 1.98 for 48 hours respectively, P < 0.05, F = 110.92) as compared with the H₂O₂-treated cells. Moreover, 50 μmol/L baicalin treatment for 48 hours was the optimal condition against ROS generation (21.80 ± 3.10, P < 0.01, F = 110.92). Furthermore, the activities of intracellular SOD and GSH was increased significantly (51.53 ± 1.91 μg/mg for SOD, P < 0.05, F = 93.81; 49.85 ± 1.45 U/mg for GSH, P < 0.05, F = 92.51). (3) Although realtime PCR analysis indicated 50 μmol/L baicalin treatment for 48 hours could have no changes of the level of L-FABP expression under the oxidative stress condition, western blotting analysis indicated 50 μmol/L baicalin treatment for 48 hours could increase up to about 80% for the level of L-FABP expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Baicalin was suggested to be able to enhance both L-FABP expression and activity of intracellular SOD and GSH, and therefore protected hepatocytes from oxidative stress.</p>

Study on effects of low frequency pulse plus auricular point magnetic therapy on electrogastrogram and clinical therapeutic effect in the patient of functional dyspepsia / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare therapeutic effects of low frequency pulse plus auricular point magnetic therapy and prepulsid on functional dyspepsia (FD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty cases of FD were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group were treated with low frequency pulse stimulation on Zhongwan (CV 12), Weishu (BL 21), Neiguan (PC 6), Zusanli (ST 36), with Fenglong (ST 40) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) selected according to syndrome differentiation, once a day, 30 min each session. The control group were treated with oral administration of prepulsid. Five days constituted one course. The scores of symptoms and parameters of electrogastrogram (EGG) before and after treatment and the therapeutic effect were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the symptom scores significantly decreased (P < 0.01), with a significant difference in the decrease of symptom scores between the two groups (P < 0.05); and EGG parameters were improved (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of 93.3% in the treatment group was better than 75.0% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low frequency pulse plus auricular point magnetic therapy can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and gastric activities in the patient of FD, with a better therapeutic effect than prepulsid.</p>

Effect of Qingre Liqi Granule on clinical therapeutic efficacy, electrogastrogram and gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of Qingre Liqi Granule (QLG) on clinical therapeutic efficacy, electrogastrogram (EGG) and gastric emptying in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two FD patients of dyskinesis type enrolled were treated with QLG by oral taking for 6 days. Scoring on 8 kinds of symptoms, including abdominal distension, abdominal pain, morning gastric fullness, belching, regurgitation, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia, fasting EGG and the gastric emptying determination were performed using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total and individual scores of clinical symptoms, expect that of vomiting, significantly decreased after treatment (P < 0.05), and the percentage of patients with tachygastria and bradygastria significantly decreased (P<0.01) at the same time. EGG after treatment showed significantly elevated rates of normal slow wave dominant power, and nearly normalized dominant frequency. An increased gastric emptying rate at different phases after 75 min (P < 0.05), and significantly shortened gastric emptying half-time (P < 0.01) were shown meanwhile in gastric emptying detection. The improvement of symptom score and gastric emptying half-time showed significant positive linear correlation (r =0.8929, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>QLG can improve symptoms of FD patients by regulating the rhythm and power of gastric electro-wave, increasing gastric motility and enhancing gastric emptying function.</p>

The prognostic value of cellular immunity function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To study the changes of cellular immunity function in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its correlation with disease severity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>T lymphocyte subsets and CD28 co-stimulation molecule in CD8+ T cells in 22 HCC patients were detected using three-color flow cytometry. Serum interleukin-2 (IL-2), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFbeta1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by ELISA and radioimmunoassay. A group of 30 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), or normal adults (NC) served as controls.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with NC, the number of CD8+CD28- T cells increased and CD8+CD28+ T cells decreased in patients with HCC. The number of CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratios, IL-2 level all decreased and CD8+ T cells, IL-6, TGFbeta1 levels all increased in patients with HCC, LC and CHB. The CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratios and IL-2 level in patients with HCC were lower than those with CHB. Serum IL-6 and TGFbeta1 in patients with HCC were higher than those with LC and CHB. The levels of IL-6 and TGFbeta1 correlated with the stages of the tumors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HCC patients have a cellular immunity dysfunction. Rectifying the imbalanced function could be a potential way for treating HCC. Measurement of these factors would be useful for early diagnosis and evaluating the prognoses of these patients.</p>

Study on pharmacokinetics of emodin in Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum and its compound / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the difference in the pharmacokinetics of emodin in Zhiganning capsules and Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum by nonaqueous RP-HPLC.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rats were orally administered with the extraction of Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum and Zhiganning capsules. After hydrolysis and extraction, the content of emodin in the plasma is determined by Nonaqueous RP-HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The concentration-time profiles of emodin fit two-compartment model. The pharmacokinetics parameters including, t1/2alpha, AUC(0-infinity), CL(s) and C(max) of emodin in the group of Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum were significantly different from these in the group of its compounds.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a significant difference in pharmacokinetics of emodin between zhiganning capsules and the extraction of Rhizoma Polygontum Cuspidatum.</p>